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Ir a + infinitive: the near future

The easiest way to talk about the future in Spanish needs no new tense at all. Take the present of ir, add a and an infinitive: voy a comer. It is what most Spaniards actually say for plans, and it works from day one.

手短な答え

Present of ir + a + infinitive: voy a estudiar, vas a llegar tarde, van a cerrar. It is used for plans and for things you can see coming. The a is compulsory. Vamos a also means let us: vamos a ver, let us see.

覚え方

Ir in the present, a, and the verb untouched

Formvoy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van + a + infinitiveVoy a llamar
Planssomething already decidedEste verano voy a viajar
Evidencesomething you can see comingVa a llover
Let usvamos a + infinitiveVamos a empezar
Pronounsbefore ir or stuck to the infinitiveLo voy a hacer, voy a hacerlo

形

Ir a with comer

人称形英語
yovoy a comerI am going to eat
túvas a comeryou are going to eat
él, ella, ustedva a comerhe, she is going to eat
nosotrosvamos a comerwe are going to eat
vosotrosvais a comeryou are going to eat
ellos, ustedesvan a comerthey are going to eat

16 sentences that show the difference

実際に口にするような日常のスペイン語です。それぞれの下のラベルは、規則のどの部分を示しているかを表しています。

英語の知識がじゃまをするところ

English going to works almost exactly the same way, which makes this the friendliest structure in Spanish. The differences: Spanish needs the a, and the verb ir does not need a separate am or are. Voy a comer is one verb where English has three words: I am going to.

避けたい間違い

Voy comer, without the a, and estoy yendo a comer, copying I am going. The structure is simply the present of ir: voy a comer.

規則から外れるケース

Voy a comer

The a can never be dropped: voy comer is not Spanish. In fast speech it may blend into the vowel before, voy a ir sounds like voy ir, but it is there.

Voy a ir

Ir a ir is perfectly natural, unlike in some languages: vamos a ir al cine. Many speakers shorten it to vamos al cine.

Vamos a ver

Vamos a plus infinitive doubles as let us. Context decides: vamos a cenar can be we are going to have dinner or let us have dinner.

Iba a

In the past it takes the imperfect, iba a, and often means the plan did not happen: iba a llamarte, pero...

Mañana voy

For a fixed arrangement Spanish also uses the plain present: mañana voy al médico. It is as normal as ir a, and simpler.

Iré

The future tense, iré, comeré, exists but in speech it sounds more distant, more like a promise or a guess. For everyday plans ir a is what you hear.

Ir a + infinitive exercises

空所を埋める8つの文です。答えを入力して確かめるか、答えを表示したまま通して読んでください。ここではアクセント記号も、言葉の中と同じように大切です。

  1. Mañana ___ a visitar a mi abuela. (yo)

    Tomorrow I am going to visit my grandmother.

    voy · Yo form of ir: voy.

  2. ¿Qué ___ a hacer este verano? (tú)

    What are you going to do this summer?

    vas · Tú form: vas.

  3. Mira las nubes. Va ___ llover.

    Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.

    a · The a is compulsory between ir and the infinitive.

  4. Mis padres ___ a comprar una casa.

    My parents are going to buy a house.

    van · Ellos form: van.

  5. Nosotros ___ a cenar fuera.

    We are going to eat out.

    vamos · Nosotros form: vamos.

  6. No te preocupes, ___ voy a hacer.

    Do not worry, I am going to do it.

    lo · The pronoun can go before the conjugated ir.

  7. ¿Vosotros ___ a venir a la fiesta?

    Are you coming to the party?

    vais · Vosotros form: vais.

  8. ___ a llamarte, pero no tenía batería. (yo, pasado)

    I was going to call you, but I had no battery.

    Iba · In the past, the imperfect of ir: iba a.

ドン・キホーテから、さらに練習問題

さらに8問。こちらは講座からそのまま取ったもので、宿屋、風車、ロシナンテ、そして道が出てきます。規則は同じで、スペイン語が少し古いだけです。

  1. Don Quijote ___ a ser caballero.

    Don Quixote is going to be a knight.

    va · Third person: va a.

  2. Sancho, ___ a buscar aventuras. (nosotros)

    Sancho, we are going to look for adventures.

    vamos · Nosotros: vamos a, which can also mean let us.

  3. Señor, ¿qué ___ a hacer con los molinos? (usted)

    Sir, what are you going to do with the windmills?

    va · Usted takes the third person.

  4. Yo ___ a ser gobernador de una ínsula.

    I am going to be governor of an island.

    voy · Yo form: voy.

  5. Los mercaderes van ___ ver a Dulcinea.

    The merchants are going to see Dulcinea.

    a · The a between ir and the infinitive.

  6. Rocinante ___ a caerse. ¡Cuidado!

    Rocinante is going to fall. Careful!

    va · Something you can see coming.

  7. Mañana ___ a salir otra vez. (ellos)

    Tomorrow they are going to set out again.

    van · Ellos: van.

  8. Don Quijote no lo ___ a olvidar nunca.

    Don Quixote is never going to forget it.

    va · The pronoun lo sits before ir.

よくある質問

How do you form the near future in Spanish?

Present of ir, then a, then the infinitive: voy a salir, vamos a ver. Only ir changes. The second verb stays as it is.

What is the difference between voy a comer and comeré?

Voy a comer is a plan or something about to happen, and it is what people say most. Comeré sounds more distant or more formal, and is common for promises and predictions.

Can I say voy a ir?

Yes, it is completely normal: voy a ir al banco. Many people simply say voy al banco, which also works for the near future.

Where do pronouns go with ir a?

Either before ir or joined to the end of the infinitive: te voy a llamar or voy a llamarte. Both are equally correct.

Does vamos a mean let us?

It can. ¡Vamos a comer! is let us eat. With the verb ir itself, let us go is just ¡vamos! or vámonos.

How do I say I was going to?

Use the imperfect of ir: iba a llamarte, I was going to call you. It often hints that the plan did not happen.

Is ir a used in Latin America too?

Yes, and even more than in Spain. In many countries it has almost replaced the future tense in conversation.

Can I use the present for the future?

Yes, for arrangements: el sábado juego al tenis, mañana trabajo. A time word makes it clear you mean the future.

覚えておくこと

例文の出典の本

『やさしいスペイン語で読むドン・キホーテ』の表紙。

やさしいスペイン語で読むドン・キホーテ:小説全体を、本当に読めるスペイン語で語り直し、58の短いエピソードに分けて、難しい単語には余白に注をつけました。このページのドン・キホーテの文はすべてこの本から取っています。

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