Level A2 · Chapter 42.5
Review 8: lessons 36 to 42
The vocabulary from lessons 36 to 42 that does not come back, the grammar of the block in one table, and two exercises. The end of A2.
What you will learn
- Check, word by word, how much of the vocabulary from lessons 36 to 42 you actually remember.
- Choose between por and para without translating the English preposition.
- Put two pronouns together in front of the verb, and report what somebody else said.
The story in easy Spanish
Bajo la lluvia, un barbero pasaba con una bacía de latón en la cabeza.
In the rain, a barber went by with a brass basin on his head.
El sol la hacía relumbrar como el oro más fino.
The sun made it shine like the finest gold.
Don Quijote la tomó por el yelmo de Mambrino y atacó.
Don Quixote took it for Mambrino’s helmet and charged.
El barbero huyó y dejó la bacía y su asno en el suelo.
The barber fled and left the basin and his donkey on the ground.
Sancho se quedó con el gabán, que estaba muy usado.
Sancho kept the coat, which was very worn.
Poco después vieron doce galeotes atados con hierros por el cuello.
A little later they saw twelve galley slaves chained by the neck.
Iban condenados a las galeras del rey para remar cinco años.
They had been sentenced to the king’s galleys, to row for five years.
El comisario dijo que todos habían confesado su delito.
The officer in charge said that they had all confessed their crime.
Don Quijote les dio la libertad, porque nadie nace esclavo.
Don Quixote gave them their freedom, because nobody is born a slave.
Ginés de Pasamonte se lo agradeció con una lluvia de pedradas.
Ginés de Pasamonte thanked him for it with a shower of stones.
Los dos se escondieron en un risco de Sierra Morena.
The two of them hid on a crag in the Sierra Morena.
Junto a un arroyo había una maleta vieja y podrida.
Beside a stream lay an old rotten suitcase.
Estaba cerrada con un candado, y dentro había cien escudos.
It was shut with a padlock, and inside there were a hundred gold coins.
Cerca, en una cueva, vivía un mancebo medio loco.
Nearby, in a cave, there lived a half mad young man.
Los cabreros de la majada les habían contado su historia.
The goatherds of the sheepfold had told them his story.
Cardenio empezó a contarla, pero se calló y se marchó corriendo.
Cardenio began to tell it, but he fell silent and ran off.
Don Quijote quiso hacer allí penitencia por sus pecados de amor.
Don Quixote decided to do penance there for his sins of love.
Se quitó los calzones, dio dos volteretas sobre la peña y juró.
He took off his breeches, turned two somersaults on the rock and swore an oath.
Escribió una carta a Dulcinea con encabezamiento, cuerpo, despedida y firma.
He wrote a letter to Dulcinea with an opening, a body, a farewell and a signature.
Sancho añadió que hacía falta una rúbrica y tres pollinos.
Sancho added that a flourish and three young donkeys were needed as well.
Después cogió las riendas y se marchó al Toboso.
Then he took the reins and set off for El Toboso.
Don Quijote se quedó solo entre las retamas, comiendo corteza.
Don Quixote was left alone among the broom bushes, eating bark.
Aquel ayuno y aquella ausencia fueron su mayor desdén.
That fast and that absence were the greatest scorn he knew.
Vocabulary
Mambrino’s helmet (lesson 36)
- el yelmo
- the helmet
- la bacía
- the barber’s basin
- el latón
- the brass
- relumbrar
- to shine, to gleam
- afeitar
- to shave
- sangrar
- to bleed, to bleed a patient
- el encaje
- the lace
- la pedrada
- the blow from a thrown stone
The galley slaves (lesson 37)
- el galeote
- the galley slave
- la galera
- the galley
- remar
- to row
- confesar
- to confess
- condenar
- to sentence, to condemn
- la culpa
- the fault, the blame
Ginés de Pasamonte (lesson 38)
- el comisario
- the officer in charge
- los hierros
- the irons, the chains
- la libertad
- the freedom
- el delito
- the crime
- el gabán
- the overcoat
- fiarse
- to trust
The suitcase in Sierra Morena (lesson 39)
- el risco
- the crag
- el arroyo
- the stream
- la cueva
- the cave
- el cojín
- the cushion
- el candado
- the padlock
- podrido / podrida
- rotten
- escondido / escondida
- hidden
Cardenio (lesson 40)
- la majada
- the sheepfold
- el mancebo
- the young man
- la penitencia
- the penance
- el pecado
- the sin
- añadir
- to add
- prometer
- to promise
- interrumpir
- to interrupt
- callarse
- to fall silent
The letter to Dulcinea (lesson 41)
- el encabezamiento
- the opening of a letter
- la firma
- the signature
- la rúbrica
- the flourish under a signature
- el pollino
- the young donkey
- el desdén
- the scorn
- la ausencia
- the absence
Sancho leaves (lesson 42)
- la retama
- the broom bush
- la peña
- the rock, the boulder
- el llano
- the flat open ground
- la rienda
- the rein
- la voltereta
- the somersault
- los calzones
- the breeches
- jurar
- to swear an oath
- el credo
- the creed
- la corteza
- the bark, the rind
- el ayuno
- the fast
Lessons 36 to 42, and the whole of A2, in one table
The vocabulary list above comes first, and it is the longest in the course because it closes seven lessons instead of five. Cover the English column, read the Spanish aloud, and be strict with yourself. This is the last checklist of the level.
| point | rule | from the summary above |
|---|---|---|
| por | cause, route, exchange, rough time, and the doer of a passive | penitencia por sus pecados |
| para | purpose, destination, deadline, and whose opinion it is | una carta para Dulcinea |
| present perfect | haber plus the participle, for time that is still open | Todos han confesado su delito. |
| irregular participles | hecho, dicho, visto, puesto, escrito, roto, vuelto, abierto | Le ha escrito una carta. |
| two pronouns | the person first, the thing second, both in front of the verb | Se lo agradeció con pedradas. |
| le turns into se | le lo and les lo do not exist in Spanish at all | ✗ le lo dio, ✓ se lo dio |
| estar plus participle | the state something is left in, not the act that put it there | Estaba cerrada con un candado. |
| reported speech | dijo que, añadió que, prometió que, and the verb steps one tense back | Sancho añadió que hacía falta una rúbrica. |
That is the whole of A2: the two past tenses and how they share a story, ya and todavía, the accidental se and the impersonal se, possessives and demonstratives, doler and the body, the future and the conditional, the relatives, adverbs in -mente, por and para, the present perfect, two pronouns at once, estar with a participle, reported speech and how a letter is laid out. Now go back up to the summary and read it again with the English column hidden. What comes next is the subjunctive, and it will ask for all of this at the same time.